"The prophet like Moses means any true prophet"
The claim, stated fairly
Deuteronomy 18:15 promises a succession of prophets after Moses, not one future figure.
The Torah itself closes by saying no such prophet had yet arisen.
Deuteronomy 34:10: "there hath not arisen a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses, whom the LORD knew face to face." The promise was still open after Joshua and the prophets.
Peter applied it to Yeshua in the Temple courts (Acts 3:22-23), to a Jewish crowd who knew the verse.
The text
15נָבִ֨יא מִקִּרְבְּךָ֤ מֵאַחֶ֨יךָ֙ כָּמֹ֔נִי יָקִ֥ים לְךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ אֵלָ֖יו תִּשְׁמָעֽוּן׃
15A prophet will the LORD thy God raise up unto thee, from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken;
WEB/WMB: The LORD your God will raise up to you a prophet from among you, of your brothers, like me. You shall listen to him.
Deuteronomy 18:15 (Hebrew, JPS 1917, WMB)
10וְלֹֽא־קָ֨ם נָבִ֥יא ע֛וֹד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כְּמֹשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ יְדָע֣וֹ יְהוָ֔ה פָּנִ֖ים אֶל־פָּנִֽים׃
10And there hath not arisen a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses, whom the LORD knew face to face;
WEB/WMB: Since then, there has not arisen a prophet in Israel like Moses, whom the LORD knew face to face,
Deuteronomy 34:10 (Hebrew, JPS 1917, WMB)
In the New Covenant
22For Moses indeed said to the fathers, ‘The Lord God will raise up a prophet for you from among your brothers, like me. You shall listen to him in all things whatever he says to you. 23It will be that every soul that will not listen to that prophet will be utterly destroyed from among the people.’
Acts 3:22-23 (WMB)
Where scholars disagree
Deuteronomy 18 does describe the role of prophets in general, and both readings can be true at once: a line of prophets and one final prophet.
Sources
- Rashi and Ibn Ezra on Deuteronomy 18:15
- Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex. English: JPS 1917; World Messianic Bible (public domain).